3.12. Typing Deprecated

The redundant types are deprecated as of Python 3.9 but no deprecation warnings will be issued by the interpreter. It is expected that type checkers will flag the deprecated types when the checked program targets Python 3.9 or newer. [#pyDocTyping]_

The deprecated types will be removed from the typing module in the first Python version released 5 years after the release of Python 3.9.0. See details in PEP 585—Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections. [#pyDocTyping]_

3.12.1. Optional

• Since Python 3.10 you can write int | None

• Optional[int] == Union[int, None] == int | None

>>> from typing import Optional
>>>
>>> data: Optional[int] = 1337
>>> data: Optional[int] = None

>>> from typing import Optional
>>>
>>>
>>> def find(text: str, substr: str) -> Optional[int]:
...     position = text.find(substr)
...     if position == -1:
...         return None
...     else:
...         return position
>>>
>>>
>>> find('Python', 'x')
>>> find('Python', 'o')
4

3.12.2. Union

• Since Python 3.10 you can write int | float

• Union[int, str] == Union[str, int]

>>> from typing import Union
>>>
>>> number: Union[int, float] = 1337
>>> number: Union[int, float] = 1.337

>>> from typing import Union
>>>
>>>
>>> def add(a: Union[int,float], b: Union[int,float]) -> Union[int,float]:
...     return a + b

3.12.3. List

• Since Python 3.9 you can write list[int]

>>> from typing import List
>>>
>>>
>>> data: List[int] = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> data: List[float] = [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9]
>>> data: List[str] = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

3.12.4. Tuple

• Since Python 3.9 you can write tuple[int, ...]

>>> from typing import Tuple
>>>
>>>
>>> data: Tuple[int, int, int] = (1, 2, 3)
>>> data: Tuple[str, str, str] = ('setosa', 'virginica', 'versicolor')
>>> data: Tuple[str, int, float] = ('a', 2, 3.3)
>>> data: Tuple[int, ...] = (1, 2, 3)
>>> data: Tuple[str, ...] = ('setosa', 'virginica', 'versicolor')

3.12.5. Set

• Since Python 3.9 you can write set[int]

>>> from typing import Set
>>>
>>>
>>> data: Set[int] = {1, 2, 3}
>>> data: Set[float] = {0.0, 1.1, 2.2}
>>> data: Set[str] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}

3.12.6. FrozenSet

• Since Python 3.9 you can write frozenset[int]

>>> from typing import FrozenSet
>>>
>>>
>>> data: FrozenSet[int] = {1, 2, 3}
>>> data: FrozenSet[float] = {0.0, 1.1, 2.2}
>>> data: FrozenSet[str] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}

3.12.7. List[tuple]

• Since Python 3.9 you can write list[tuple]

>>> from typing import List, Tuple

>>> data: List[tuple] = [
...    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
...    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
... ]

>>> data: List[Tuple[float, float, float, float, str]] = [
...    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
...    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
... ]

>>> GeographicCoordinate = Tuple[float, float]
>>> locations: List[GeographicCoordinate] = [
...    (25.91375, -60.15503),
...    (-11.01983, -166.48477),
...    (-11.01983, -166.48477),
... ]

>>> Iris = Tuple[float, float, float, float, str]
>>> data: List[Iris] = [
...    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
...    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
... ]

3.12.8. List[list]

• Since Python 3.9 you can write list[list]

>>> from typing import List

>>> data: List[list] = [
...    [1, 2, 3],
...    [4, 5, 6],
...    [7, 8, 9]]

>>> data: List[List[int]] = [
...    [1, 2, 3],
...    [4, 5, 6],
...    [7, 8, 9]]

3.12.9. Nested

• Since Python 3.9 you can write list[list|tuple|set]

>>> from typing import Union, List, Tuple, Set

>>> data: List[Union[list, tuple, set]] = [
...    [1, 2, 3],
...    (4, 5, 6),
...    {7, 8, 9}]

>>> data: List[Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int], Set[int]]] = [
...    [1, 2, 3],
...    (4, 5, 6),
...    {7, 8, 9}]

>>> Row = Union[List[int],
...             Tuple[int, int, int],
...             Set[int]]
...
>>> data: List[Row] = [
...    [1, 2, 3],
...    (4, 5, 6),
...    {7, 8, 9}]

3.12.10. Dict

• Since Python 3.9 you can write dict[str,str]

>>> from typing import Dict
>>>
>>>
>>> data: Dict[int, str] = {
...    0: 'setosa',
...    1: 'virginica',
...    2: 'versicolor'}