12.12. Comprehension Performance

12.12.1. Microbenchmark

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = []
... for x in range(0,5):
...     result.append(x)
...
457 ns ± 69.4 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1000 loops each)

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = [x for x in range(0,5)]
...
411 ns ± 76.6 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1000 loops each)

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = [x for x in range(0,50)]
...
1.45 µs ± 181 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = []
... for x in range(0,50):
...     result.append(x)
...
2.79 µs ± 306 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = [x for x in range(0,500)]
...
14.1 µs ± 1.02 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> 
... %%timeit -r 1000 -n 1000
... result = []
... for x in range(0,500):
...     result.append(x)
...
28.5 µs ± 2.23 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

Conclusion:

In this case comprehensions are twice as fast as regular loops (PEP 20).

12.12.2. Performance

Setup:

>>> DATA = [
...     ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
...     (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
...     (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...     (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
...     (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
...     (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
...     (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...     (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
... ]

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = []
... for row in DATA[1:]:
...     for value in row:
...         if isinstance(value, float):
...             result.append(value >= 1.0)
... result = all(result)
5.24 µs ± 591 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = True
... for row in DATA[1:]:
...     for value in row:
...         if isinstance(value, float):
...             if not value >= 1.0:
...                 result = False
...                 break
...     if not result:
...         break
1.49 µs ± 596 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = all(value >= 1.0
...              for row in DATA[1:]
...              for value in row
...              if isinstance(value, float))
1.55 µs ± 436 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = all(value >= 1.0 for row in DATA[1:] for value in row if isinstance(value, float))
1.51 µs ± 396 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = all(y >= 1.0 for x in DATA[1:] for y in x if isinstance(y, float))
1.53 µs ± 433 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)

>>> %%timeit -n 1000 -r 1000  
... result = all(x >= 1.0 for X in DATA[1:] for x in X if isinstance(x, float))
1.57 µs ± 437 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 1000 runs, 1,000 loops each)