10.2. File Path Absolute¶

Python works with both relative and absolute path
Path separator \ (backslash) is used on Windows
Path separator / (slash) is used on *nix operating systems: Linux, macOS, BSD and other POSIX compliant OSes (excluding older versions of Windows)
In newer Windows versions both \ and / works the same

10.2.1. Absolute Path¶

Absolute path on Windows starts with drive letter
Absolute path on *nix starts with root / dir
Absolute path include all entries in the directories hierarchy

>>> FILE = r'C:\Users\Watney\myfile.txt'

>>> FILE = r'/tmp/myfile.txt'

10.2.2. Escaping Characters in Path¶

"\ " (backslash space) - escapes space
Note that in Python escapes in paths are not required

>>> FILE = '/tmp/my file.txt'

>>> FILE = r'/tmp/my file.txt'

>>> FILE = r'C:\Users\Admin\myfile.txt'
>>>
>>>
>>> repr(FILE)
"'C:\\\\Users\\\\Admin\\\\myfile.txt'"
>>>
>>> str(FILE)
'C:\\Users\\Admin\\myfile.txt'
>>>
>>> print(repr(FILE))
'C:\\Users\\Admin\\myfile.txt'
>>>
>>> print(FILE)
C:\Users\Admin\myfile.txt

10.2.3. Convert Relative Path to Absolute¶

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>>
>>>
>>> file = Path('myfile.txt')
>>> file.absolute()  
/home/watney/myfile.txt

10.2.4. Dirname, Filename¶

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>>
>>>
>>> file = Path('/home/watney/myfile.py')
>>>
>>> print(file.parent)
/home/watney
>>>
>>> print(file.name)
myfile.py

10.2.5. Script Path¶

__file__ - Returns an absolute path to currently running script

>>> print(__file__)  
/home/watney/myscript.py

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>>
>>>
>>> file = Path(__file__)  
>>>
>>> print(file.parent)  
/home/watney
>>>
>>> print(file.name)  
myfile.py

10.2.6. Assignments¶

Code 10.3. Solution¶

"""
* Assignment: File Path Exception
* Required: yes
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 6 lines
* Time: 3 min

English:
    1. Modify `result` function
    2. If `filename` exists, print 'Ok'
    3. If `filename` does not exist, print 'File not found'
    4. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zmodyfikuj funkcję `result`
    2. Jeżeli `filename` istnieje, wypisz 'Ok'
    3. Jeżeli `filename` nie istnieje, wypisz 'File not found'
    4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `try`
    * `except`
    * `else`
    * `open()`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from inspect import isfunction

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign your result to variable `result`'

    >>> assert isfunction(result), \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be function'

    >>> result(__file__)
    Ok
    >>> result('_notexisting.txt')
    File not found
"""


def result(filename):
    ...

Code 10.4. Solution¶

"""
* Assignment: File Path Abspath
* Required: yes
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 3 lines
* Time: 5 min

English:
    1. Define `path` with converted `filename` to absolute path
    2. To `result` assgin string:
        a. `file` if path is a file
        b. `directory` if path is a directory
        c. `missing` if path does not exist
    3. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj `path` z przekonwertowym `filename` do ścieżki bezwzględnej
    2. Do `result` przypisz ciąg znaków:
        a. `file` jeżeli ścieżka jest plikiem
        b. `directory` jeżeli ścieżka jest katalogiem
        c. `missing` jeżeli ścieżka nie istnieje
    3. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `from pathlib import Path`
    * `Path.cwd()`
    * `Path()`
    * `Path.is_dir()`
    * `Path.is_file()`
    * `Path.exists()`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> assert isinstance(result, str), \
    'Result must be a str with: `file`, `directory` or `missing`'

    >>> assert isinstance(abspath, Path), \
    'Use Path class from pathlib library to create a filepath'

    >>> current_directory = Path.cwd()
    >>> assert str(current_directory) in str(abspath), \
    'File Path must be absolute, check if you have current directory in path'

    >>> result
    'missing'
"""

from pathlib import Path


FILENAME = 'myfile.txt'

# Absolute path to FILENAME
# type: Path
abspath = ...

# File, directory or missing
# type: str
result = ...