8.3. Function Parameters¶
8.3.1. Rationale¶
- parameter
Receiving variable used within the function/block
- default parameter
Parameter which is optional and has default value (if not specified at call time)
- required parameter
Parameter which is necessary to call function
8.3.3. Required Parameters¶
Parameters without default values are required
def add(a, b):
print(a + b)
add()
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'
add(1)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() missing 1 required positional argument: 'b'
add(1, 2)
# 3
add(1, 2, 3)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given
8.3.4. Default Parameters¶
Default parameters has default value
Function will use default value if not overwritten by user
Parameters with default values can be omitted while executing
def add(a=10, b=20):
print(a + b)
add()
# 30
add(1)
# 21
add(1, 2)
# 3
add(1, 2, 3)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() takes from 0 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given
8.3.5. Required and Default Parameters¶
Required parameters must be at the left side
Default parameters must be at the right side
There cannot be required parameter after optional
def add(a, b=20):
print(a + b)
add()
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() missing 1 required positional argument: 'a'
add(1)
# 21
add(1, 2)
# 3
add(1, 2, 3)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: add() takes from 1 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given
def add(a=1, b):
print(a + b)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument
def add(a, b=1, c):
print(a + b + c)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument
8.3.6. Examples¶
def add(a, b):
print(a + b)
add(1, 2)
# 3
add(1.5, 2.5)
# 4.0
add('a', 'b')
# 'ab'
def echo(text):
print(text)
echo('hello')
# hello
def connect(username, password, host='127.0.0.1', port=22,
ssl=True, keep_alive=1, persistent=False):
print('Connecting...')
Code 8.13. Example 4. Definition of pandas.read_csv() function. Source: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html¶
def read_csv(filepath_or_buffer, sep=', ', delimiter=None, header='infer',
names=None, index_col=None, usecols=None, squeeze=False, prefix=None,
mangle_dupe_cols=True, dtype=None, engine=None, converters=None,
true_values=None, false_values=None, skipinitialspace=False,
skiprows=None, nrows=None, na_values=None, keep_default_na=True,
na_filter=True, verbose=False, skip_blank_lines=True, parse_dates=False,
infer_datetime_format=False, keep_date_col=False, date_parser=None,
dayfirst=False, iterator=False, chunksize=None, compression='infer',
thousands=None, decimal=b'.', lineterminator=None, quotechar='"',
quoting=0, escapechar=None, comment=None, encoding=None, dialect=None,
tupleize_cols=None, error_bad_lines=True, warn_bad_lines=True,
skipfooter=0, doublequote=True, delim_whitespace=False, low_memory=True,
memory_map=False, float_precision=None):
print('Reading CSV...')
8.3.7. Assignments¶
"""
* Assignment: Function Parameters Sequence
* Filename: function_parameters_sequence.py
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code to write: 2 lines
* Estimated time: 3 min
English:
1. Define function `add`
2. Function parameter is `data` sequence of integers
3. Print sum of all sequence values
Polish:
1. Zdefiniuj funkcję `add`
2. Parametrem do funkcji ma być `data` sekwencja liczb całkowitych
3. Wypisz sumę wszystkich wartości sekwencji
"""
"""
* Assignment: Function Parameters Echo
* Filename: function_parameters_echo.py
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code to write: 2 lines
* Estimated time: 3 min
English:
1. Define function `echo` with two parameters
2. Parameter `a` is required
3. Parameter `b` is required
4. Wypisz `a` i `b`
5. Compare result with "Tests" section (see below)
Polish:
1. Zdefiniuj funkcję `echo` z dwoma parametrami
2. Parametr `a` jest wymagany
3. Parametr `b` jest wymagany
4. Wypisz `a` i `b`
5. Porównaj wyniki z sekcją "Tests" (patrz poniżej)
Tests:
>>> echo(1, 2)
a=1 b=2
>>> echo(3, 4)
a=3 b=4
"""
"""
* Assignment: Function Parameters Default
* Filename: function_parameters_default.py
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code to write: 4 lines
* Estimated time: 3 min
English:
1. Define function `default` with two parameters
2. Parameter `a` is required
3. Parameter `b` is optional and has default value `None`
4. If only one argument was passed, consider second equal to the first one
5. Print `a` i `b`
6. Compare result with "Tests" section (see below)
Polish:
1. Zdefiniuj funkcję `default` z dwoma parametrami
2. Parametr `a` jest wymagany
3. Parametr `b` jest opcjonalny i ma domyślną wartość `None`
4. Jeżeli tylko jeden argument był podany, przyjmij drugi równy pierwszemu
5. Wypisz `a` i `b`
6. Porównaj wyniki z sekcją "Tests" (patrz poniżej)
Tests:
>>> default(1)
a=1 b=1
>>> default(2, 3)
a=2 b=3
"""