5.6. Sequence GetItem

5.6.1. Rationale

• Works with ordered sequences: str, list, tuple

• Index must int (positive, negative or zero)

• Positive Index starts with 0

• Negative index starts with -1

>>> data = 'abcd'
>>>
>>> data[0]
'a'
>>> data[1]
'b'
>>> data[-1]
'd'
>>> data[1.1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not float

5.6.2. Positive Index

• Starts with 0

• Index must be less than length of an object

• Ascending

>>> data = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>>
>>> data[0]
'a'
>>> data[1]
'b'
>>> data[2]
'c'
>>> data[3]
'd'
>>>
>>> data[4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndexError: string index out of range

5.6.3. Negative Index

• 0 is equal to -0

• Starts with -1

• Descending

• Negative index starts from the end and go right to left

>>> data = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>>
>>> data[-0]
'a'
>>> data[-1]
'd'
>>> data[-2]
'c'
>>> data[-3]
'b'
>>> data[-4]
'a'
>>>
>>> data[-5]
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndexError: string index out of range

5.6.4. Ordered Sequence

Get Item from str:

>>> data = 'abcd'
>>>
>>> data[0]
'a'
>>> data[1]
'b'
>>> data[2]
'c'
>>> data[-0]
'a'
>>> data[-1]
'd'
>>> data[-2]
'c'

GetItem from list:

>>> data = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>>
>>> data[0]
'a'
>>> data[1]
'b'
>>> data[2]
'c'
>>> data[-0]
'a'
>>> data[-1]
'd'
>>> data[-2]
'c'

GetItem from tuple:

>>> data = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
>>>
>>> data[0]
'a'
>>> data[1]
'b'
>>> data[2]
'c'
>>> data[-0]
'a'
>>> data[-1]
'd'
>>> data[-2]
'c'

5.6.5. Unordered Sequence

GetItem from set is impossible. set is unordered data structure:

>>> data = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}
>>>
>>> data[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable

GetItem from frozenset is impossible. frozenset is unordered data structure:

>>> data = frozenset({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'})
>>>
>>> data[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable
>>> data[-2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'frozenset' object is not subscriptable

5.6.6. Nested Sequence

Get elements from list of list:

>>> data = [[1, 2, 3],
...         [4, 5, 6],
...         [7, 8, 9]]
...
>>> data[0][0]
1
>>> data[0][1]
2
>>> data[0][2]
3
>>> data[1][0]
4
>>> data[1][1]
5
>>> data[1][2]
6
>>> data[2][0]
7
>>> data[2][1]
8
>>> data[2][2]
9

Get elements from list of tuple:

>>> data = [(4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
...         (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
...         (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica')]
...
>>> data[0]
(4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa')
>>> data[0][0]
4.7
>>> data[0][4]
'setosa'
>>> data[1]
(7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor')
>>> data[1][0]
7.0
>>> data[1][4]
'versicolor'
>>> data[2]
(7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica')
>>> data[2][0]
7.6
>>> data[2][4]
'virginica'

Get elements from list of sequences:

>>> data = [[1, 2, 3],
...         (4, 5, 6),
...         {7, 8, 9}]
...
>>> data[0]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> data[0][0]
1
>>> data[0][1]
2
>>> data[0][2]
3
>>> data[1]
(4, 5, 6)
>>> data[1][0]
4
>>> data[1][1]
5
>>> data[1][2]
6
>>> data[2] == {7, 8, 9}
True
>>> data[2][0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable

5.6.7. Assignments

Code 5.13. Solution

"""
* Assignment: Sequence GetItem Select
* Required: yes
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 10 lines
* Time: 8 min

English:
    1. Non-functional requirements:
       a. Use only indexes (`getitem`)
       b. Do not use `str.split()`, `slice`, `for`, `while` or any other
          control-flow statement
       c. All tests must pass
    2. Write header (row with index 0) to `header: tuple` variable
    3. Create `result: list`
    4. Append to `result` a list with row at index 2
    4. Append to `result` a tuple with row at index 4
    4. Append to `result` a set with row at index -2
    8. Append to `result`: empty `list`, empty `tuple` and empty `set`
    9. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
       a. Korzystaj tylko z indeksów (`getitem`)
       b. Nie używaj `str.split()`, `slice`, `for`, `while` lub
          jakiejkolwiek innej instrukcji sterującej
       c. Wszystkie testy muszą przejść
    2. Zapisz nagłówek (wiersz o indeksie 0) do zmiennej `header: tuple`
    3. Stwórz `result: list`
    4. Dodaj do `result` listę z wiersza o indeksie 2
    4. Dodaj do `result` krotkę z wiersza o indeksie 4
    4. Dodaj do `result` zbiór z wiersza o indeksie -2
    8. Dodaj na koniec `result`: pustą `list`, pustą `tuple` i pusty `set`
    9. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign result to variable: `result`'
    >>> assert type(header) is tuple, \
    'Variable `header` has invalid type, should be tuple'
    >>> assert type(result) is list, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be list'
    >>> assert len(result) == 6, \
    'Variable `result` length should be 6'

    >>> ('sepal_length' not in result
    ...  and 'sepal_width' not in result
    ...  and 'petal_length' not in result
    ...  and 'petal_width' not in result
    ...  and 'species' not in result)
    True

    >>> header
    ('Sepal length', 'Sepal width', 'Petal length', 'Petal width', 'Species')

    >>> [5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'] in result
    True
    >>> (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica') in result
    True
    >>> {1.3, 2.8, 4.1, 5.7, 'versicolor'} in result
    True
    >>> list() in result
    True
    >>> tuple() in result
    True
    >>> set() in result
    True
"""

DATA = [
    ('Sepal length', 'Sepal width', 'Petal length', 'Petal width', 'Species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
    (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
    (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
]

# tuple[str]: from row at index 0
header = ...

# list[list|tuple|set|frozenset]: empty list
result = ...

# append list from DATA at index 2
result

# append tuple from DATA at index 4
result

# append set from DATA at index -4
result

# append empty list
result

# append empty tuple
result

# append empty set
result