9.1. Function Definition¶

9.1.1. Rationale¶

Reuse code
Improves code readability
Clean-up code
Allows for easier refactoring

9.1.2. Syntax¶

def <name>():
    <do something>

9.1.3. Definition¶

>>> def say_hello():
...     print('My name... José Jiménez')
>>>
>>>
>>> say_hello()
My name... José Jiménez
>>> say_hello()
My name... José Jiménez
>>> say_hello()
My name... José Jiménez

9.1.4. Convention¶

Add underscore (_) at the end of name when name collide
System functions names starts and ends with 'dunder' - double underscore: __

Do not use camelCase or PascalCase names:

>>> def sayHello():
...     print('This is camelCase name')
...     print('It is c/c++/Java/JavaScript convention')

>>> def SayHello():
...     print('This is PascalCase name')
...     print('It is c/c++/Java/JavaScript convention')

Both camelCase and PascalCase are reserved for class names (by convention).

Use snake_case names # Python - snake ;)

>>> def say_hello():
...     print('This is snake_case() name')
...     print('It is Pythonic way')

Use better names, rather than comments:

>>> def cal_var(data, m):
...     # Calculate variance
...     return sum((Xi-m) ** 2 for Xi in data) / len(data)

>>> def calculate_variance(data, m):
...     return sum((Xi-m) ** 2 for Xi in data) / len(data)

Add underscore (_) at the end of name when name collide. Although prefer naming it differently:

>>> def print_(text):
...     # Add underscore (``_``) at the end of name when name collide.
...     print(f'<strong>{text}</strong>')

>>> def print_html(text):
...     # Although prefer naming it differently.
...     print(f'<strong>{text}</strong>')

System functions names starts and ends with 'dunder' - double underscore: __:

>>> def __import__(module_name):
...     pass

9.1.5. Docstring¶

Docstring is a first multiline comment in: File/Module, Class, Method/Function
Used for generating help() documentation
It is accessible in __doc__ property of an object
Used for doctest
PEP 257 -- Docstring Conventions: For multiline str always use three double quote (""") characters
More information in Function Doctest

Docstring used for documentation:

>>> def say_hello():
...     """This is the say_hello function"""
...     print('Hello')
>>>
>>>
>>> # doctest: +SKIP
... help(say_hello)
Help on function say_hello in module __main__:
<BLANKLINE>
say_hello()
    This is the say_hello function
>>>
>>> print(say_hello.__doc__)
This is the say_hello function

Docstring used for documentation:

>>> def say_hello():
...     """
...     This is the say_hello function
...     And the description is longer then one line
...     """
...     print('Hello')
>>>
>>>
>>> help(say_hello)  # doctest: +SKIP
Help on function say_hello in module __main__:
<BLANKLINE>
say_hello()
    This is the say_hello function
    And the description is longer then one line
>>>
>>> print(say_hello.__doc__)
<BLANKLINE>
    This is the say_hello function
    And the description is longer then one line
<BLANKLINE>

9.1.6. Assignments¶

Code 9.1. Solution¶

"""
* Assignment: Function Definition Print
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 5 lines
* Time: 3 min

English:
    1. Define function `call` without parameters
    2. Function prints `Beetlejuice`
    3. Call function three times

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj funkcję `call` bez parametrów
    2. Funkcja wypisuje `Beetlejuice`
    3. Wywołaj funkcję trzy razy

Tests:
    >>> from inspect import isfunction
    >>> isfunction(call)
    True
    >>> call()
    Beetlejuice
"""