8.14. Functional Function Attributes¶

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b
>>>
>>>
>>> type(add)
<class 'function'>

8.14.1. Name¶

function.__name__
function.__qualname__

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b

>>> add.__name__
'add'

>>> add.__qualname__
'add'

8.14.2. Type¶

type(function)
function.__class__
function.__class__.__name__
function.__class__.__qualname__
function.__class__.__text_signature__

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b

>>> type(add)
<class 'function'>

add.__class__ <class 'function'>

>>> add.__class__.__name__
'function'

>>> add.__class__.__qualname__
'function'

8.14.3. Annotations¶

>>> def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
...     return a + b

>>> add.__annotations__
{'a': <class 'int'>, 'b': <class 'int'>, 'return': <class 'int'>}

8.14.4. Signature¶

>>> from inspect import signature

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b
>>>
>>>
>>> signature(add)
<Signature (a, b)>

>>> def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
...     return a + b
>>>
>>>
>>> signature(add)
<Signature (a: int, b: int) -> int>

8.14.5. Doc¶

help(function)
function.__doc__

>>> def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
...     """
...     Function adds two numbers (int|float)
...     """
...     return a + b

>>> add.__doc__
'\n    Function adds two numbers (int|float)\n    '

>>> help(add)
Help on function add in module __main__:

add(a: int, b: int) -> int
    Function adds two numbers (int|float)

8.14.6. Call¶

callable(function)
function()
function.__call__()

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b

>>> callable(add)
True

>>> add(1, 2)
3

>>> add.__call__(1,2)
3

8.14.7. Setattr, Getattr¶

>>> def hello():
...     pass
>>>
>>>
>>> hello.firstname = 'Mark'
>>> hello.lastname = 'Watney'
>>>
>>> print(f'Hello {hello.firstname} {hello.lastname}')
Hello Mark Watney

>>> def hello():
...     return f'Hello {hello.firstname} {hello.lastname}'
>>>
>>>
>>> hello.firstname = 'Mark'
>>> hello.lastname = 'Watney'
>>>
>>> hello()
'Hello Mark Watney'

8.14.8. Function Code¶

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b
>>>
>>>
>>> add.__code__.co_varnames
('a', 'b')
>>>
>>> dir(add.__code__)  
[...,
 'co_argcount',
 'co_cellvars',
 'co_code',
 'co_consts',
 'co_exceptiontable',
 'co_filename',
 'co_firstlineno',
 'co_flags',
 'co_freevars',
 'co_kwonlyargcount',
 'co_lines',
 'co_linetable',
 'co_lnotab',
 'co_name',
 'co_names',
 'co_nlocals',
 'co_positions',
 'co_posonlyargcount',
 'co_qualname',
 'co_stacksize',
 'co_varnames',
 'replace']

8.14.9. Use Case - 0x01¶

>>> def hello():
...     if not hello.disabled:
...         print('My name... José Jiménez')
...     else:
...         raise PermissionError
>>>
>>>
>>> hello.disabled = False
>>> hello()
My name... José Jiménez
>>>
>>> hello.disabled = True
>>> hello()
Traceback (most recent call last):
PermissionError

8.14.10. Use Case - 0x02¶

>>> def add(a, b):
...     return a + b
>>>
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
3
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
3
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
3

>>> def add(a, b):
...     if not hasattr(add, '_cache'):
...         setattr(add, '_cache', {})
...     if (a,b) in add._cache:
...         print('Found in cache; fetching...')
...         return add._cache[a,b]
...     else:
...         print('Not in cache; computing and updating cache...')
...         add._cache[a,b] = result = a + b
...         return result
>>>
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
Not in cache; computing and updating cache...
3
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
Found in cache; fetching...
3
>>>
>>> add(1, 2)
Found in cache; fetching...
3

8.14.11. Use Case - 0x03¶

>>> def add(a, b):
...     cache = getattr(add, '__cache__', {})
...     if (a,b) not in cache:
...         cache[(a,b)] = a + b
...         setattr(add, '__cache__', cache)
...     return cache[(a,b)]
>>>
>>>
>>> add(1,2)
3
>>>
>>> add(3,2)
5
>>>
>>> add(3,5)
8
>>>
>>> add  
<function add at 0x...>
>>>
>>> add.__cache__
{(1, 2): 3, (3, 2): 5, (3, 5): 8}

8.14.12. Use Case - 0x04¶

>>> def factorial(n):
...     if not hasattr(factorial, 'cache'):
...         factorial.cache = {0: 1}
...     if n not in factorial.cache:
...         factorial.cache[n] = n * factorial(n-1)
...     return factorial.cache[n]
>>>
>>>
>>> factorial(10)
3628800
>>>
>>> factorial.cache  
{0: 1,
 1: 1,
 2: 2,
 3: 6,
 4: 24,
 5: 120,
 6: 720,
 7: 5040,
 8: 40320,
 9: 362880,
 10: 3628800}